Advances in real time smart monitoring of environmental parameters using IoT and sensors.

People who work in dangerous environments include farmers, sailors, travelers, and mining workers. Due to the fact that they must evaluate the changes taking place in their immediate surroundings, they must gather information and data from the real world. It becomes crucial to regularly monitor meteorological parameters such air quality, rainfall, water level, pH value, wind direction and speed, temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, soil moisture, light intensity, and turbidity in order to avoid risks or calamities. Enhancing environmental standards is largely influenced by IoT. It greatly advances sustainable living with its innovative and cutting-edge techniques for monitoring air quality and treating water. With the aid of various sensors, microcontroller (Arduino Uno), GSM, Wi-Fi, and HTTP protocols, the suggested system is a real-time smart monitoring system based on the Internet of Things. Also, the proposed system has HTTP-based webpage enabled by Wi-Fi to transfer the data to remote locations. This technology makes it feasible to track changes in the weather from any location at any distance. The proposed system is a sophisticated, efficient, accurate, cost-effective, and dependable weather station that will be valuable to anyone who wants to monitor environmental changes on a regular basis.

GW- CNNDC: Gradient weighted CNN model for diagnosing COVID-19 using radiography X-ray images.

COVID-19 is one of the dangerous viruses that cause death if the patient doesn't identify it in the early stages. Firstly, this virus is identified in China, Wuhan city. This virus spreads very fast compared with other viruses. Many tests are there for detecting this virus, and also side effects may find while testing this disease. Corona-virus tests are now rare; there are restricted COVID-19 testing units and they can't be made quickly enough, causing alarm. Thus, we want to depend on other determination measures. There are three distinct sorts of COVID-19 testing systems: RTPCR, CT, and CXR. There are certain limitations to RTPCR, which is the most time-consuming technique, and CT-scan results in exposure to radiation which may cause further diseases. So, to overcome these limitations, the CXR technique emits comparatively less radiation, and the patient need not be close to the medical staff. COVID-19 detection from CXR images has been tested using a diversity of pre-trained deep-learning algorithms, with the best methods being fine-tuned to maximize detection accuracy. In this work, the model called GW-CNNDC is presented. The Lung Radiography pictures are portioned utilizing the Enhanced CNN model, deployed with RESNET-50 Architecture with an image size of 255*255 pixels. Afterward, the Gradient Weighted model is applied, which shows the specific separation regardless of whether the individual is impacted by Covid-19 affected area. This framework can perform twofold class assignments with exactness and accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and Loss value, and the model turns out proficiently for huge datasets with less measure of time.

Role of preprocedural rinse and high volume evacuator in reducing bacterial contamination in bioaerosols.

CONTEXT: Microbial contamination, which occurs during dental procedures, has been a potential threat to dental professionals and individuals. There has been a growing concern over the role of bioaerosols in spread of various airborne infections and also to reduce the risk of bioaerosol contamination. AIMS: This study was to analyze the number of colony forming units (CFUs) in bioaerosols generated during ultrasonic scaling procedure as well as to evaluate the efficacy of chlorhexidine 0.12% (CHX) preprocedural mouth rinse and high volume evacuator (HVE) in minimizing the bioaerosol contamination. METHODS: About 45 individuals were divided into three Groups A, B and C. These groups underwent ultrasonic scaling before and after the use of CHX (0.12%), HVE and combination of CHX (0.12%) and HVE. Bioaerosols were collected on blood agar plates which were incubated at 37°C for 48 h, and the CFUs were counted with manual colony counting device. A comparison was also done between A versus B, B versus C and A versus C groups. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Student's t-test. RESULTS: We found a significant reduction in the CFUs when CHX (0.12%) preprocedural rinse (P < 0), or HVE (P < 0.001) or combination of both CHX (0.12%) and HVE were employed (P < 0.001). Maximum reduction in CFUs was observed when CHX (0.12%) and HVE were used in combination as compared to their individual use. A moderate significance was seen between A versus C groups but not with B versus C groups and A versus B groups. CONCLUSION: From our study, we conclude that individual methods such as CHX (0.12%) and HVE were useful to reduce the dental bioaerosols; however, combination of both CHX (0.12%) and HVE is more efficient to reduce dental bioaerosols than individual method.

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using Sargassum swartzii and its cytotoxicity effect on HeLa cells.

In this investigation, biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using Sargassum swartzii and its cytotoxicity against human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells is reported. The biological synthesis involved the reduction of chloroauric acid led to the formation of AuNPs within 5min at 60°C and the formation of AuNPs was confirmed using UV-vis spectrophotometer. The AuNPs were stable; spherical in shape with well-defined dimensions, and the average size of the particle is 35nm. A zeta potential value of -27.6mV revealed synthesized AuNPs were highly stable. The synthesized AuNPs exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxicity against human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells. Furthermore, induction of apoptosis was measured by DAPI (4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride) staining.

Evaluation of Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Fixed Dose Combination (FDC) of Halometasone 0.05% and Fusidic Acid 2% W/W Topical Cream Versus FDC of Betamethasone Valerate 0.12% and Neomycin Sulphate 0.5% W/W Topical Cream in the Treatment of Infected Eczematous Dermatosis in Indian Subjects: A Randomized Open-Label Comparative Phase III Multi-Centric Trial.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fixed drug combination (FDC) halometasone 0.05% and fusidic acid 2% (group A) vs FDC betamethasone 0.12% and neomycin sulfate 0.5% cream (group B) in acute or chronic infected eczematous dermatosis, through a randomized open-label, comparative, multicentric study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 152 patients were randomized to either Group A or Group B. EASI (Eczema Area and Severity Index), IGA (Investigator's global assessment), scale for severity of eczema, pruritus, and safety parameters were assessed at baseline, Day 5/Day 10, Day 10/20, and Day 20/Day 30 for acute/chronic cases. Skin swabs were tested at screening, Day 10, and end of the study. RESULTS: Staphylococcus aureus was the frequently encountered causative agent. There was a significant reduction within the study groups in EASI, IGA scales for severity of eczema, pruritus at various visits, compared to baseline. At the end of study, 83.87% in group A and 65.71% in group B were culture negative. Cure rate was 54.28% and 50% in group A and B, respectively. Five adverse events were reported in five patients, of which three patients withdrew from the study. CONCLUSION: Halometasone 0.05% and Fusidic acid 2% cream is effective, safe, well tolerated with comparable efficacy to the comparator in the treatment of acute and chronic infected eczematous dermatosis.

Exploration of diuretic potential and electrolyte excretion of Tephrosia purpurea (Fabaceae) in rats.

Tephrosia purpurea (Fabaceae) is a well-known traditional plant with diuretic effect but no scientific work published till date to support the claimed ethnomedical use. Therefore, the present study appraised the diuretic potential of methanol extract of Tephrosia purpurea (METP) in male wistar rats. The powdered plant material was extracted with methanol by hot extraction. The animals were divided into five groups for diuretic activity. The first group served as saline control (0.9%% saline solution, 25 ml/kg, body weight (b.w)), the second group received osmotic diuretic, urea (1 g/kg b.w), the third group received high-ceiling diuretic, furosemide (5 mg/kg b.w), and the other two groups were administered various concentrations of METP (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg b.w) orally to hydrated rats and their urine volume was measured at 5th and 24th hr after drug administration, while animals were deprived of food and water. After collection of urine, the parameters such as urine output, diuretic activity, electrolyte excretion of Na(++), K(++), Ca(2++), and Cl(-), and pH were analyzed. METP at various dose levels exhibited significant diuretic activity as evidenced by increased urine volume, electrolyte concentration, and alkaline pH in comparison to control group of animals. The present study provides a quantitative basis for explaining the folkloric use of Tephrosia purpurea as a diuretic agent in Indian traditional system of medicine.

Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: effects on sperm morphological and functional characteristics, nuclear DNA integrity and outcome of assisted reproductive technique.

The aim of the study was to compare the semen characteristics and nuclear DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa of diabetic and nondiabetic men undergoing assisted reproduction and correlate them with pregnancy outcome. Semen characteristics and nuclear DNA fragmentation were analysed using computer-aided semen analysis system and sperm chromatin dispersion assay (SCD), respectively. Spermatozoa from diabetic patients showed significantly lower progressive (Type A) motility (14.64 ± 9.60 versus 17.99 ± 11.51, P < 0.02) and increased nuclear DNA fragmentation (37.05 ± 12.68 versus 21.03 ± 10.13, P < 0.001). Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed in diabetic patients in terms of blastocyst formation rate (38.13% versus 55.46%, P < 0.001), pregnancy rate (28.57% versus 46.34%, P < 0.001) and miscarriage rate (50.0% versus 24.56%, P < 0.001). The higher percentage of sperm DNA damage because of oxidative stress seen in diabetic patients may be responsible for the poor embryonic development and pregnancy outcome in these individuals.

The effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on erosive dentine wear.

BACKGROUND: Erosive tooth wear is a growing concern in clinical dentistry. Our aims were to assess the effect of Tooth Mousse (TM) in managing erosive dentine wear in vitro. METHODS: Opposing enamel and dentine specimens from 36 third molar teeth were worn under a load of 100 N for 75 000 cycles in electromechanical tooth wear machines. In experiment 1, TM was applied continuously at the wear interface and the mean dentine wear rate was compared with those of specimens subjected to continuous application of hydrochloric acid (HCl, pH 3.0) and deionized water (DW, pH 6.1) as lubricants. In experiment 2, specimens were subjected to TM application every 1600 cycles at both pH 3.0 and 6.1, and the mean dentine wear rates were compared with those of specimens worn with continuous application of HCl and DW lubricants. RESULTS: Dentine wear was reduced significantly with continuous application of TM compared with HCl and DW lubricants. Specimens prepared with continuous TM application displayed smooth wear facets, whereas more pronounced microwear details were observed with HCl and DW lubricants. CONCLUSIONS: Both remineralization and lubrication seem to contribute to reduction in dentine wear associated with TM application, although lubrication appears to have a more pronounced effect.

Pathology of childhood nephrotic syndrome in northern Nigeria.

Histopathology of kidney biopsies in 46 children with nephrotic syndrome in northern Nigeria showed that 15 had quartan malarial nephropathy, 14 membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, six proliferative glomerulonephritis and four chronic glomerulonephritis. There were only two cases of minimal change lesion. No set of clinical features typify any particular histologic diagnosis. There was progression of glomerular lesion in five of the ten children who had repeat biopsy.